In the aftermath, all bridges in the area underwent seismic retrofitting to make them more resistant to earthquakes. The San Francisco–Oakland Bay Bridge was also damaged when a span of the top deck collapsed. The collapse of the Cypress Street Viaduct (Nimitz Freeway) caused most of the earthquake-related deaths. The earthquake significantly damaged the transportation system of the Bay Area. San Francisco’s Marina district was particularly hard hit because it had been built on filled land (comprising loose, sandy soil), and the unreinforced masonry buildings in Santa Cruz (many of which were 50 to 100 years old) failed completely. A powerful earthquake rocked the Northern California coast early Tuesday, jolting residents awake as it shattered glass, shook homes off foundations, damaged roads and left. The most severe damage was suffered by San Francisco and Oakland, but communities throughout the region, including Alameda, Santa Clara, Santa Cruz, and Monterey, also were affected. It struck just after 5:00 pm local time and lasted approximately 15 seconds, with a moment magnitude of 6.9. Its epicentre was in the Forest of Nisene Marks State Park, near Loma Prieta peak in the Santa Cruz mountains, northeast of Santa Cruz and approximately 60 miles (100 km) south of San Francisco. The earthquake was triggered by a slip along the San Andreas Fault.
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